The Italians gave him the title Father of the Country. On April 17th 1861, King Vittorio Emanuele II took the title of King of Italy to become the first king of a united Italy. Modern Italy was unified by merits of General Giuseppe Garibaldi, Prime Minister Cavour, reporter Mazzini and King Vittorio Emanuele II. The movement was then spread throughout the rest of Europe, opening a period of progress in science, arts, exploration and humanism. By the 15th century, the Renaissance movement began in Italy and thinkers tried to recover the good, civilized values of ancient Greek – Roman civilization. In the 5th century, Rome collapsed due to invasions of Germanic tribes from the North. Emperor Augustus Ceasar () The famous scientist Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance period (zing.vn) The greatest heritages that Rome contributed to human civilization to this day are culture, law, Christianity, and Latin language. Rome later became the center of culture, politics, and religion of Western civilization in ancient times. Rome entered its Golden Age, a peaceful and prosperous period under the rule of the first emperor Augustus (63 BC – 14). Many factors of Greek culture were passed on to Rome from the Etruscans and were developed to their peak. After that, the Roman Republic spread out to conquer the surrounding peoples and became the dominant force over a vast territory in Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Among them, an Italic tribe, the Latins, founded the Roman Kingdom at the legendary mark of 753 BC. In early times, inhabiting this area were ancient peoples such as Italic, Phoenician, Carthage, Greek, Etrusca and Celt. Italy has territories stretching out to the central part of the Mediterranean. The founding legend of Rome and the Roman Empire was heavily associated with the goddess Venus in Roman mythology, therefore the state of modern Italy is now also known as the land of sunset and love.
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